Concrete is produced by mixing cement, water, and aggregate (such as sand and gravel). Due to its high strength, high durability, and low production cost, concrete is used in everything from skyscrapers to decorative planters.

Unfortunately, due to concrete's widespread usage and as a result of mining aggregate, its production has significant detrimental environmental impacts. The mining of natural sand and gravel depletes natural resources and disrupts ecosystems. Furthermore, the production of Portland cement, a key ingredient, is responsible for a massive portion of global greenhouse gas emissions.

Finding ways to supplement concrete aggregate with other materials—especially waste materials—could reduce the demand for natural aggregate, mitigate mining impacts, and provide an efficient use for waste that would otherwise degrade in a landfill.